Unusual Festivals in Spain

Unusual festivals in Spain La Tomatina La Tomatina is a food fight festival held on the last Wednesday of August each year in the town of Bunol near Valencia in Spain. Thousands of people make their way from all corners of the world to fight in this ‘World's Biggest Food Fight' where more than one hundred metric tons of over-ripe tomatoes are thrown in the streets. The week-long festival features music, parades, dancing, and fireworks. On the night before the tomato fight, participants of the festival compete in a paella cooking contest.Anywhere from 20,000 to 40,000 people come to this huge tomato fight, greatly expanding Bunol's normal 9,000 person population. There is limited accommodation for people who come to La Tomatina, so many people take the easier option of staying in nearby Valencia just 38km to Bunol. There is a well service in transport b. In preparation for the dirty mess that will ensue, shopkeepers use huge plastic covers on their storefronts in order to protec t them from the carnage. What Happens at La Tomatina †¦.At around 11 am, the first event of the Tomatina begins. Many trucks haul the bounty of tomatoes into the center of the town, Plaza del Pueblo. The tomatoes come from Extremadura, where they are less expensive. Technically the festival does not begin until one brave soul has climbed to the top of a two-story high, greased-up wooden pole and reached the coveted ham at the top. In practice this process takes a long time and the festival starts despite no one reaching the meaty prize.The signal for the beginning of the fight is firing of water cannons, and the chaos begins. Once it begins, the battle is generally every man for himself. Those who partake in this event are strongly encouraged to wear protective safety goggles and gloves. In addition, they must squish the tomatoes before throwing for safety precautions. Another rule is that no one is allowed to bring into this fight anything that may provoke someone into a more serious brawl, such as a glass bottle.Although it is forbidden to tear someone else's clothing, the crowd tends to ignore this and invariably will rip the shirt of any clothed person, man or woman. After exactly one hour, the fighting ends when the water cannons are fired once more to signal the end. At this point, no more tomatoes can be thrown. The cleaning process involves the use of fire trucks to spray down the streets, with water provided from a Roman aqueduct.The authorities seem more concerned with cleaning the town than cleaning the visitors, so some people find water at the Bunol River to wash themselves, although some kind residents will hose passers-by down. Once the tomato pulp is flushed, the ground is clean due to the acidity of the tomato. The festival is in honor of the town's patron saints, Luis Bertran and the Mare de Deu dels Desemparats (Mother of God of the Defenseless), a title of the Virgin Mary. The tomato fight has been a strong tradition in Bunol since 194 4 or 1945.No one is completely certain how this event originated. Possible theories on how the Tomatina began include a local food fight among friends, a juvenile class war, a volley of tomatoes from bystanders at a carnival parade, a practical joke on a bad musician, and the anarchic aftermath of an accidental lorry spillage. One of the most popular theories is that disgruntled townspeople attacked city councilmen with tomatoes during a town celebration. Whatever happened to begin the tradition, it was enjoyed so much that it was repeated the next year, and the year after that, and so on.The holiday was banned during the Spanish State period under Francisco Franco for having no religious significance, but returned in the 1970s after his demise. Where is Bunol †¦.. Bunol is a town and municipality in the province of Valencia, Spain and is situated approximately 38 km west of the provincial and autonomous community capital city, Valencia. ) (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Tomati na) http://www. latomatina. org/ San Fermin Festival http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/San_Ferm%C3%ADn http://spainforvisitors. com/sections/sanfermin. htm

Islamic Business Ethics

Ethics has always been a part of business. The article of Islamic Business Ethics & Finance: An Exploratory Study of Islamic Banks in Malaysia written by Muhammad Adli Musa studied about how Islamic finance which claims to offer global financial stability and high ethical standards should reflect Islamic values in all facets of behaviour to bring about collective morality and spirituality, which when integrated with the production of goods and services advance the Islamic way of life.This paper also attempts to investigate the consistencies or, if any, inconsistencies and explore the relationship between the Islamic business ethical norms and the practices of Islamic banks in Malaysia. In doing so it tries to address the current imbalance of emphasis and the lack of a comprehensive discussion on business ethics from a wider cultural and religious perspective with reference to Islam, particularly focussing on selected Islamic banks in Malaysia. The main research question of this study is how do the current practices in Malaysian IFIs mirror the Islamic ethical norms in business?The findings in this paper would potentially assist in the improvement of practices among IFIs to conform to the ethical norms established by Islam, which are in fact the core of their existence. For Muslims, Islam is considered as a way of life and not merely a religion. Hence, business ethics cannot be separated from ethics in other aspects of a Muslim’s daily life. It is claimed that in the climate of Islamic philosophy, it is ethics that dominate economics and not vice versa, and that Islamic economics is characterized as being ethical besides being Godly, humane and balanced.The concept of Taw? id has been identified as the core of Islamic ethics, along with trusteeship or stewardship, justice or equilibrium, free will or freedom, responsibility and generosity. On a more practical level, the manner for proper Islamic ethical conduct in business is based on leniency, which enco mpasses good manners, forgiveness, removal of hardship and compensation; service motive, where businesses provide needed services to the community; and consciousness of Allah, which requires Muslim businessmen to be mindful of Allah in their conduct of business.In the financial services sector, ethics has become increasingly important on the basis that the purpose of business activities in general and financial services in particular is the creation of value for the consumer. The financial services environment should not be an environment where there is a dichotomy between the personal ethical attitudes and the attitudes governing one’s business life. Moreover, it is suggested that an ethical environment will coincidentally pave the way to improved performance as in the case of the British Cooperative Bank’s ethical policy, and provides essential support for maximizing long-term owner value.The recent global financial crisis might have been averted if ethics played a l arger role in the financial services sector. Islamic finance has been recognized as a rapidly increasing integrated compartment of global finance with assets worldwide estimated to be worth $700 billion as a result of growth at a rate of more than 10% annually during the past decade. With respect to ethics, IFIs are considered to be ethical since the foundation of their business philosophy is grounded in the shariah, often referred to as ethics in action, which is concerned with promoting justice and welfare n society and seeking God’s blessing.The difference between Islamic and conventional financial systems is that the former has to preserve certain social objectives and is based on equity rather than debt. Malaysia’s Financial Sector Master-Plan explicitly mentions that it would like to symbolize Malaysia as a regional Islamic financial centre. A distinguishing feature of the Malaysian economy is that Islamic finance has been fully integrated into its existing finan cial system, which demonstrates the sector’s inventiveness and capacity for innovation.It is also worth highlighting that the Malaysian Islamic finance market is considered to be well developed with a huge future potential. The first IFI established in Malaysia was the Malayan Muslims Pilgrims Savings Corporation which began operations in 1963. Twenty years later in 1983, the first Islamic bank, Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad, started operations after continuous pressure on the Malaysian government to assist in establishing an Islamic bank.The seriousness of the Malaysian government in furthering the cause of Islamic finance can be seen in the Financial Sector Master-Plan’s vision to see Islamic banking evolve in parallel with conventional banking to achieve 20% of the banking market share, represented by a number of strong and highly capitalized Islamic banking institutions, offering financial products and services which are underpinned by a comprehensive and conducive sh ariah and regulatory framework.To sum up, from the study presented, it can be fairly assumed that the practices of the Islamic banks in Malaysia under study do conform to the Islamic ethical norm in business based on the perception of executives working in the banks concerned. Individual positive and negative statements are areas where the Islamic banks concerned must strive to improve. Particularly, the perception of the management among employees of the banks must improve as it is the management who determines the issue of business conduct and principles in a business organisation.Issues surrounding the treatment of employees such as equality and fair wages must also be addressed in line with business ethical norms established by Islam. A preliminary look into the qualitative data of the Ph. D. research of the author, which is not presented in this paper, suggests that the senior management, Shariah heads and Shariah Supervisory Board members of the Islamic banks under study are a ware of the importance of incorporating Islamic ethics in the operations of their respective banks.However, the climate in which the banks operate does not necessarily support such notions. Furthermore, Islamic banks might not feel compelled to abide by Islamic ethical norms in business if the consumers of their products and services do not strongly demand so. The emphasis on shariah compliancy of products and services has arguably resulted in the ethical dimension of Islamic finance to be somehow sidelined.Shariah compliancy is indeed the essence of Islamic finance but beyond that, Islamic banks should be at the forefront of ethical banking, whereby they take into consideration the impact of their activities on the society at large. Islamic banks must also strive to adopt the recommendations by the IFSB and AAOIFI in their published Guiding Principles and Conduct of Business for Institutions offering Islamic Financial Services and the Code of Ethics for the Employees of IFIs respec tively as best practices in the industry.Research needs to be conducted using various techniques to answer the research question at hand. Realising that, the author in his Ph. D. study has interviewed the senior management, Shariah heads and Shariah Supervisory Board members of the banks concerned to obtain their views on Islamic business ethics in relation to Islamic banking practices in Malaysia. The author also included in his Ph. D. research the ethical identities of the banks concerned based on their annual reports and other materials accessible to the public such as the banks’ websites and other publications.

(For Engineering Applicants Only) If you are applying to the Pratt Essay

(For Engineering Applicants Only) If you are applying to the Pratt School of Engineering, please discuss why you want to study engineering and why you would like to study at Duke - Essay Example Besides, I chose Clark because it offers my desired 3/2 dual engineering program in conjunction with Columbia University which is another reputed university in U.S. It provides an opportunity to earn prestigious B.A. degree and B.S. degree in engineering from Columbia University (CU). I have the option to major in any of the fields of engineering available. The Engineering degree from CU would offer me a rewarding and lucrative career like job satisfaction, variety of career opportunities, working challenges including in scientific and technological areas , self professional development including creativity and critical thinking, financial security, status in society, beneficiary to the society etc. It has an academic program center in China. I would get an opportunity to experience all around American culture. In the changing world the Liberal Arts college provides career-based education than the broad-based, choosing of a right college for post-secondary education is therefore not only an individual choice but a big decision for a student. Lafayette College’s mission for commitment to intellectual integrity and achievement not only made my decision easy but is a right choice because I too follow the intellectual and achievement path for learning. I had been a student known for raising issues and discussing topics on different subjects related with my high school study in class as well as in school. This could become possible because of my intellectuality power like languages achievement (language fluency for both English and Chinese), visualizing, logical, problem creations and solving etc. Many honors and rewards conferred on me speak the truth for themselves. As a part of my ongoing intellectuality power I would of course try to participate in the distinctive McKelvy House Schol ars Program during my stay at Lafayette. I would utilize my intellectuality power to earn my Bachelors

Multinational Corporations Specialized Topics Analyzed by the World Essay

Multinational Corporations Specialized Topics Analyzed by the World Investment Reports - Essay Example Global economic developments are driven by multinational corporations that seek to invest potential economies such as the transition and developing economies. Global economies’ potential has been expanded by multinational corporations through a variety of investment and production modes, which increase international competitiveness. More so, supporting measures built during the crisis have largely contributed to opening up of new investment opportunities for multinational corporations all over the world. Supporting measures include industrial and corporate restructuring, exit of state control and ownership of corporations, and rising valuations of stock markets. Although uncertainty and risk factors remain a major threat to recovery of FDI, supportive environment across the globe and particularly in developing countries has the potential to oversee tremendous recovery and even growth. China, being a developing country, has the largest foreign direct investments being channeled into its economy. ... However, multinationals hold back this potentials and economic opportunities mainly due to risk factors involved with investing in international economies whose prospects and success are unknown. The risks range from widespread debt crisis and rising inflation to financial and fiscal sector imbalances. Developing and transition economies have established favorable framework for foreign investment, which has attracted massive investment inflows from multinationals. On the other hand, developed countries alongside world’s poorest countries have recorded low foreign direct investment flows. Poor regions such as Africa have continually seen foreign direct investment inflows reducing, while developing regions such as the Latin America have recorded progressive increases. Least developed countries, small islands developing states and landlocked developing countries, being among the poorest countries, have continued to attract less foreign direct investment inflows. However, foreign direct investments have improved in natural resources such as oil industry in the African region. Investments in natural resources by multinational corporations are on the rise in African countries and have the potential to grow, although political uncertainties remain a huge hindrance to these possibilities. More on political uncertainties, industry diversity and volume limitations also remain a major barrier in Africa, which calls for harmonization of trade agreements if foreign direct investment growth is to be achieved. Transition and developing economies have increasingly become of vital importance to foreign direct investment with regards to both outflows and inflows. Multinational corporations are channeling their operations to developing and transitions countries owing to

My concern with television content Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

My concern with television content - Essay Example Television can have a positive cognitive development on teenagers only if the programs are critically analyzed and vetted for suitability. There are some programs that help in educating teenagers about various issues surrounding the society and this will make them think constructively on their daily undertaking. Take the case of national television program on various academic topics for students, such kind of content has always motivated teenagers to shun some behaviors and take a given path of action that is vital for the development of his future. I would champion for programmes like public debate in which some teenagers participate really instill the spirit of hard work and competition and this is positive in terms of working hard in school and various endeavors to achieve excellence. Besides, language is one of the greatest interactive assets that anybody in the world may possess and this is always promoted in the television programmes depending on the language spoken. This is th e reason media industry hires people with outstanding personality and exceptional command of a given language (Vorderer, Peter, and Dolf, 78-9). Television is an effective mode of learning to teenagers since they actually see what they are being told. This is the reason as to why there is an appeal to ensure that the television programmes are sorted out before being unleashed to the various frequencies across the globe.

Essay on strategy Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

On strategy - Essay Example es have been developed and researches have been conducted to explore the socioeconomic phenomena on the concrete foundations of in-depth observation and existing realities. The global corporate culture has been adopting and following the Five Factors Model presented by famous theorist and strategic analyst Michael E. Porter in 1980. The theorist submits to state that since the contemporary era experiences the state of perfect competition in the wake of tremendous technological advancement, five-factor model is vehemently supportive in developing their strategic schemes and revising them according to the fast changing market situation. â€Å"The strategic business manager seeking to develop an edge over rival firms can use this model to better understand the industry context in which the firm operates.† (learnmarketing.net) Porter has described the following five factors as the part of his strategic model: Porter views these five factors to be regulating the future of a product as well as the organisation producing the product. Porter declares competitive rivalry between the firms as the most dynamic factor, which explains that the easier the entry in a business or industry, the higher the level of competition in that business area. Since such products are similar to one another in respect of characteristics, formulae and even outlook, the probabilities of their availability are also almost one and the same. Consequently, it is also flexible for the customers and consumers to switch from one product to its rival brand. For example, KFC is offering almost the same fast food items as being produced by McDonalds; the same is the case with Coca-Cola, RC Cola and Pepsi, where only few people are brand conscious and take these drinks as the substitute of one another. Thus, consumers take advantage of such a state of affairs, and the companies have to devise innovative plans and strategies i n order to combat with the situation of perfect competition. Porter also views

The Proslavery Thought of George Fitzhugh Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Proslavery Thought of George Fitzhugh - Essay Example Fitzhugh had revealed not only the sectional divide over slavery on the eve of disunion, but also the ideological distance amid the revolutionary generation of Virginia slaveholders and mid-nineteenth century Carolina planters. The political ideology of secession, exemplified by his speech, belonged to the surge of reaction with the intention of followed the age of revolution in the Atlantic world. The political ideology of secession in America consisted mainly of formal constitutional arguments and proslavery thought. The systematic construction of Southern constitutional theory and the theoretical defense of slavery proved to be very influential in the long term and provided the ideological justification for secession. Under the political and intellectual guidance of Fitzhugh, slaveholders formulated the "Carolina doctrine" of nullification, or the state veto of a federal law, state ownership of national territories, and the constitutional right to secession with the intention of helped make disunion a reality. The proslavery argument was also central to the growth of political separatism in America. Regardless of the individual political beliefs of proslavery writers, their works were crucial in the construction of a separate Southern identity based on slavery.

E-strategy for Stock Brokerage Service in Hong Kong Thesis Proposal

E-strategy for Stock Brokerage Service in Hong Kong - Thesis Proposal Example The proposed research analyses the e-strategies adopted by the brokerage companies in Hong Kong. Through the research, we will find out the gaps in the e-brokerage practices and will try to get insight about the e-strategies. The study will also provide practical suggestion in order to undertake betterment in the strategies adopted for e-brokerage, so that they can be helpful in further growth or taking corrective measures. The advent of the online trading has transfigured the trading industry all over the world including the online brokerage industry in Hong Kong. Last decade has seen a significant increase in the number financial institutions and brokers offering online trading in Hong Kong. These brokers offer both online and traditional brokerage services (Piotroski & Roulstone, 2004). Almost all of the companies listed at the Hong Kong Stock Exchange offer some form of internet based securities. Last few years have seen significant increase in the number of online traders. The number of online traders increases at the rate of 5% per annum. (Industry Overview) In 2003 the exchange launched AMS/3; the average daily turnover of the online brokers in Hong Kong has increased around 1.9% to around 13.0%. The Hong Kong exchange does not require any additional registration and licensing requirements for a company to conduct securities and commodities dealing through the Internet (Industry Overview). Reasons for the study: By reviewing the importance and uses of e-strategy of brokerage services and its literature, we will find out that e-brokerage is such effective tool which provide help to an ordinary person in undertaking trade with ease. On the other end it is also benefitting the trading companies in several ways. The data provided by the companies help in undertaking useful interpretation and comparison of the financial statements. The researcher is interested in evaluating every aspect of the e-strategy of brokerage. It is important for the brokerage companies to protect the interest of all parties and see that the firm grows profitably. Therefore, how far the management and investors can utilize the e-brokerage services to extract and present more and more information, needs to be evaluated. The purpose of this research is to analyze and identify that how the financial ratios are helpful in decision-making process of financial executives in the firm. Basically literature shows that e-strategy is a the tool through which investors are taking/making certain decisions about company's performance, liquidity profitability and its effectiveness but unless they do not compare it with the past performance of the same firm or other competitors or industry, they may not be able to extract the reasonable and useful information and analysis. So the main aim of the study is to evaluate whether the e-strategy is useful in providing the information helpful in predicting the performance of the firm. In the process of research, developing the views from the existing literature on e-strategy of brokerage will be our starting point and finally we will be able to present the gaps found in the e-brokerage practices of the companies in Hong Kong and suggest the steps for betterment. Objectives: The objectives of the present study would be as follows: To review extant conceptual models

Macbeth Servant Diary Entries Essay Example for Free

Macbeth Servant Diary Entries Essay Dear diary, as I am a servant in Thane Macbeths castle I have noticed a sudden change in his behaviour. I have always thought of Macbeth as a courageous, honest loyal man, however I have witnessed many events that have forced me to think otherwise. When Macbeth returned from battle, he was greeted by Lady Macbeth in the Castle. I was cleaning the floors in the room next door to ensure that everything was presentable for the arrival of King Duncan. Lady Macbeth seemed very excited to see him and Macbeth looked just as happy. They seemed to be having a pleasant short conservation. Nevertheless, whilst I was going out to fetch some clean water I overheard Lady Macbeth say something very strange to Macbeth. She said Your hand, your tongue: look like the innocent flower but be the serpent undert. I replayed this over and over in my head yet I could not understand what it could have meant. Macbeth had always been loyal and truthful. What actions were he going to take that were so evil that they would reveal the serpent inside him? All these questions remained unanswered, well not for long anyway Dear diary, I went to the courtyard of the castle with Macbeth. There we met Banquo and Fleance. Banquo was feeling rather uneasy about going to sleep because he was fearing that he will dream of three, weird sisters. Macbeth persuaded Banquo to talk about the things he was seeing in his dreams with him sometime. After they had finished talking, everyone left leaving Macbeth alone in the courtyard. I decided to observe his actions therefore I hid in the shadow. Macbeth started talking to himself about how he can see a dagger before him. He seemed really confused about whether or not the dagger was really there or if it was just a vision in his mind. What was he going on about? I was standing right there as well and I could see everything in his view. There was nothing there; not a dagger in sight! What I could not understand was why he as acting so crazy all of a sudden? Normal people do not imagine seeing daggers before their eyes. Perhaps the fact that the object was a dagger may be related to something that was on his mind. I can just tell from the abnormalities in Macbeths behaviour that something is going on which is going to lead to tragedy. Dear diary, King Duncan has been murdered! I was startled to hear the ringing of the alarm bell this morning. I ran out of my bed and heard Macduff announce the murder. I could not believe it happened, right under our very noses. Through all the hustle bustle, I kept a close eye on Macbeth who had reacted very strangely in the situation. I would have expected him to be in deep grief as he had a great relationship with King Duncan and they were thought of as good friends. Instead he killed the servants that had supposedly murdered King Duncan and claimed he acted out of great fury and without thinking. Personally, I dont think that the servants killed King Duncan as they had no motive whatsoever. Macbeth has become a changed man and he should be watched in everything he does. The thruth will always come out and whoever murdered King Duncan will pay the price for doing so.

Unemployment and Development Authority Essay Example for Free

Unemployment and Development Authority Essay Unemployment Rate in Philippines decreased to 6.80 percent in the third quarter of 2012 from 7 percent in the second quarter of 2012. Unemployment Rate in Philippines is reported by the National Statistics Office (NSO). Historically, from 1994 until 2012, Philippines Unemployment Rate averaged 9.14 Percent reaching an all time high of 13.90 Percent in March of 2000 and a record low of 6.30 Percent in September of 2007. In Philippines, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labor force. This page includes a chart with historical data for Philippines Unemployment Rate. Underemployment in the Philippines According to the last quarter report of the National Statistics Office (NSO), the underemployment rate slightly dipped to 19.1 percent in October 2011 from the 19.6 percent in October 2010. National Economic Development Authority (NEDA) Director-General Cayetano Paderanga, Jr. said this could be attributed to the higher quality of jobs generated in the different sectors last year.For example, some jobs in call centers require engineering or medical expertise and not only call-and-answer skills as many presume, Paderanga said. This year, the business process outsourcing (BPO) industry is expected to continue to be major job provider in the country. At the same time, the tourism sector will be given priority as it can generate jobs that require various level of skills.Agro-industrial processing and other allied industries will be intensified, especially for those living in the rural areas, so they will no longer have to transfer to the cities to look for jobs, he said. Paderanga said t hat in the previous years, most of the available jobs targeted individuals with higher education and skills. This year, they are planning to produce jobs that would require lower skills and training which will be offered throughout the country. Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) will also work hand-in-hand with different government agencies to conduct livelihood and skills training. The level of unemployment in the Philippines remained the same in July as a year ago, according to the National Statistics Office (NSO). Unemployed Filipinos numbered 2.8 million in July, or a rate of 7 percent, the results of the July 2012 Labor Force Survey showed. The NSO said the latest unemployment figure is almost the same as the 7.1 percent reported in the same month last year. It said the July jobless rate was virtually unchanged from the 6.9 percent recorded in the previous quarter. More than half, or 51.2 percent of unemployed Filipinos, were in 15-to-24 age group, which only validates the difficulty faced by fresh graduates looking for work, said Rene Ofreneo of the School of Labor and Industrial Relations at the University of the Philippines. A third, or 33.3 percent of the unemployed, were high school graduates, 13.9 percent were college undergraduates, and 19.2 percent were college graduates. â€Å"The pattern of the labor force did not change. A major change will happen if there will be a major structural change in the economy like an industrial transformation and an agricultural modernization,† Ofreneo said. Metro Manila (National Capital Region) posted the highest unemployment rate at 9.9 percent while Cagayan Valley registered the lowest unemployment rate at 3.2 percent. An estimated 37.6 million Filipinos were employed in July, against the 37.1 million recorded in the same month last year. But the number of Filipinos with jobs in July was fewer than the 37.8 million in April. Emmanuel F. Esguerra, deputy director general of the National Economic and Development Authority (Neda), said the quality of employment deteriorated in the face of the higher underemployment rate of 22.7 percent in July, against 19 perc ent in the same month last year. The number of underemployed persons in July 2012 was 8.54 million, against 7.1 million in the same month last year, or an increase of 1.45 million underemployed persons. Employed persons who expressed the desire to have additional hours of work in their present job or to have an additional job, or to have a new job with longer working hours, are considered underemployed. Most of the underemployed were working in the services sector (42.5 percent) and the agriculture sector (41.5 percent). The underemployed in the industry sector accounted for 16 percent. â€Å"The high underemployment rate can be partly attributed to the bulk of the new labor force entrants, those aged 15 to 24 years old, who may be employed as casuals and receiving less than their reservation wage, owing to their lack of skills or inexperience,† Esguerra said. â€Å"Moreover, the higher underemployment rate suggests that workers are not earning enough which makes them look for more work,† he added. The Department of Labor and Employment said it was â€Å"seriously concerned† about the steady growth of the underemployed. Labor Secretary Rosalinda Baldoz said the increase occurred largely among wage and salary workers in private establishments where most of the employment expansion during the quarter materialized.

Six Sigma Lean Production Systems

Six Sigma Lean Production Systems Nowadays, the development of industrial core intrinsic technologies is more and more important due to the dynamic competition in the global market. Companies have to keep and continuously upgrade their intrinsic technologies in the professional field to gain the sustainable competitive advantage. However, they also have to continuously upgrade their management technologies, and keep sensitive to the latest issues as well as their integration with companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s current system. Otherwise, they still cannot survive in the market even though their intrinsic technologies are advanced. No matter how the management technologies be developed, they must emphasize their contribution to business performance, customer satisfaction and continuous improvement of the products or services. Moreover, the integration of different systems is an important issue today and tomorrow. This research will focus on à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Six Sigmaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Lean Production Systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? to discuss their integration based on the background and thoughts mentioned above. Six Sigma is one of the most popular quality initiatives recently. Lean Production System is the world famous production system developed and practiced by Toyota mobile company for a long time. It based on two concepts: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Just-In-Timeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Jidohkaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Both are based on the variation in thinking in order to improve business process, enhance quality, production and competitive position. Besides, the integration of them is viewed as a new trend in the next management wave. Moreover, regarding the industry characteristics, service industry is quite different from manufacturing industry. Even though there are more wastes and improvement opportunities, the application of Six Sigma, Lean Production System or their integration in service industry is quite few neither in literatures nor practice. This research proposes the Lean Six Sigma integration model based on the research gap and the practical need, and then adapt it for service industry. The model is named as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Lean Six Sigma for Service (LS3)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? in this research. It balances the viewpoints of internal and external customers, and gives consideration to the Lean speed as well as Six Sigma high quality. Also, this research tries to contribute to the enhancement of management technologies. 2. LITERATURES REVIEW 2.1. Introduction to Six Sigma Six Sigma is the major focus of many companies for its powerful breakthrough performance demonstrated in GE, Motorola etc. recently. Six Sigma can help companies to reduce cost, increase profits, keep current customers and create new customers. In brief, Six Sigma is a methodology to reduce the variation of every process and their interfaces to achieve a very high quality level. In statistical theory, six sigma is an ideal target value, and expressed as: 6à Ã†â€™. It means when the process or product we observed under a normal distribution, the probability of a specific attribute value shifts from the mean about positive or negative six standard deviation would be 0.002 part per million (ppm). Motorola company found a phenomenon that the process mean would shift around the center point of specifications in a long-term processing, and the shifting range would be about positive or negative 1.5 standard deviations from the center point of specifications. Hence, Motorola company modified the statistical meaning of six sigma. The definition can allow the sample mean shifts from the center of the population, and the observed process or product would out lie the six sigma limits only 3.4 times per million operations under the original specifications. In addition, the sigma performance can also be expressed by à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Defect Per Million Operations (DPMO)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? shown as Table 1. Table 1. DPMO and Sigma Performance Yield DPMO Shift from Mean Popular Age 6.68 % 933200  ± 0à Ã†â€™ 30.9 % 690000  ± 1à Ã†â€™ 69.2 % 308000  ± 2à Ã†â€™ 1970s 93.3 % 66800  ± 3à Ã†â€™ 1980s 99.4 % 6210  ± 4à Ã†â€™ Early 1990s 99.98 % 320  ± 5à Ã†â€™ Mid 1990s 99.9997 % 3.4  ± 6à Ã†â€™ 2000s Six Sigma means the world leading quality level. More and more companies understand to use Six Sigma to improve the process quality so as to achieve the business dramatic performance. This is because Six Sigma requires the quantitative measurements and analyses of the core business processes as well as suppliersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ involved processes. Originally, Six Sigma methodology is applied to manufacturing industries. However, the applications of Six Sigma are no longer be limited in manufacturing processes today. Keim (2001) demonstrated Six Sigma is very suitable to improve the service performance by two real cases. Paul (2001) pointed that the recent trends in Six Sigma are: emphasis on cycle time reduction, smaller business deployment, and integration with other initiatives. As the Six Sigma market grows, so does the availability of organizations to assist in deployment and integration. This availability of technical expertise allows smaller businesses realistically consider Six Sigma deployment with minimal economic investment. Besides, due to the central concern of Six Sigma is to pursue the customer satisfaction and business performance, we can view Six Sigma a main structure while integrating with other initiatives. As for the integrating initiatives such as Lean Production System, Total Quality Management or Quality Costs etc. depend on the different requirements of each company. 2.2. Introduction to Lean Production System Lean Production System (also called Toyota Production System) is the world famous production system developed and practiced by Toyota mobile company for a long time. It based on two concepts: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Just-In-Timeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Jidohkaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. This kind of production system is very flexible to the dynamic change of market demands, and Lean Production System is established by many small group improvement activities to eliminate all kinds of wastes in the business. An important literature written by Spear and Bowen (1999) published in Harvard Business Review pointed that, the Toyota Production System and the scientific method that underpins it were not imposed on Toyota à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" they were not even chosen consciously. The system grew naturally out of the workings of the company over five decades. As a result, it has never been written down, and Toyotaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s workers often are not able to articulate it. Thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s why ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s so hard for outsiders to grasp. In the article, Spear and Bowen attempted to lay out how Toyotaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s system works. They tried to make explicit what is implicit. Finally, they described four principles à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" three rules of design, which show how Toyota sets up all its operations as experiments, and one rule of improvement, which describes how Toyota teaches the scientific method to workers at every level of the organization. It is these rules à ¢Ã¢â€ š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"and not the specific practices and tools that people observe during their plant visits à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" that in their opinion form the essence of Toyotaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s system. Hence the two authors called the rules as the DNA of the Toyota Production System. These rules guided the design, operation, and improvement of every activity, connection, and pathway for every product and service. The rules are as follows: Rule 1: All work shall be highly specified as to content, sequence, timing, and outcome. Rule 2: Every customer-supplier connection must be direct, and there must be an unambiguous yes-or-no way to send requests and receive responses. Rule 3: The pathway for every product and service must be simple and direct. Rule 4: Any improvement must be made in accordance with the scientific method, under the guidance of a teacher, at the lowest possible level in the organization. All the rules require that activities, connections, and flow paths have built-in tests to signal problems automatically. It is the continual response to problems that makes this seemingly rigid system so flexible and adaptable to changing circumstances. 2.3. Four Characteristics of Service Industry Recently, due to the economic and international trading environmental change, the structures of many companies are also changed. The growth of service industries rapidly chases the growth of manufacturing industries. Especially for the current situation in Taiwan, many factories are moving to mainland China. Hence, the needs for service industries to fill in the space of economic activities become very huge. Thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s why service industries play an important role in the economic development recently. This research concludes the four characteristics of service industries based on the literatures written by Kotler (1997), Regan (1963) and Zeithmal, Parasur Berry (1985) as follows: Intangibility: It means that services can be consumed and perceived, but they cannot easy to be objective measured like the manufactured products. Thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s why there is usually a perception gap between the service provider and consumer. Variability: It means that services are delivered by people, so the service quality may change depending on different time, people and consumer perception. That is, the variability of services. Perishability: Unlike the tangible manufactured products, services cannot be inventoried. They are delivered simultaneously while the demands from consumers appear. Once the demands disappear, the services perish. Inseparability: Since the delivery and consumption of services almost be done simultaneously. Hence the interactions between servers and consumers play an important role on the evaluation of service quality. Consumers evaluate the service quality on the moment of consuming the service. That is, the inseparability of services. 3. MODEL CONSTRUCTION This research proposes an integration model of Six Sigma and Lean Production System for service industry called as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Lean Six Sigma for Service (LS3)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. In practice, the first stage is to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Leadà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? the process improvement project by hearing the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Voice of Customer (VOC)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. The project identification and its scope must be clarified so as to serve the customers more efficiently and effectively by the improvement. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Leadà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? stage provides the project team a well-defined scope of the problem they are faced. Hence the major mission of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Studyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? stage is to measure the current status or level by quantitative data, and then to analyze how the problem affects the process. By the collection of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Voice of Process (VOP)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, the project team can try to converge the problem and begin to find out its root causes. Moreover, no matter what the process indicators are, the project team has to well define them first, and to explain the purpose as well as the use of each indicator. Most important of all, the performance indicatorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ definition and their evaluation methods must be agreed and confirmed by the people involved. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s very important to detail record the performance levels and action results for the further enhancement of service processes. After studying and analyzing the current status of the service process targeted, the third stage is to draw up problem solving countermeasures. The countermeasures must be transformed to the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Voice of Server (VOS)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? so as to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Smoothà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? the whole service process. It is hoped to reduce the defects and speed up the service delivery by the verification of performance indicators. Therefore, the project team will propose some education and training plans for the coming countermeasuresà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ conduction. The project team can measure if the project target achieved or not by the proposed countermeasures so as to continuously monitor and control the better results. At this time, the project team has to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Sustainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? the operating stability of the service process. Therefore, the purpose of this stage is to confirm the result, the effectiveness of the countermeasures and if there is any side effect. Once these things are confirmed feasible, the project team can view the knowledge and experiences as the base of knowledge management and technology accumulation. Finally, the knowledge and experiences must be diffused and deployed throughout the organization so as to be the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Voice of Business (VOB)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. The LS3 operating model proposed by this research shown as follows: Figure 1. Structure of Implementing LS3 The key points and tools of implementing LS3 are concluded by this research and shown as Table 2. Moreover, the tools of LS3 are also shown as Figure 2. Table 2. Key Points and Tools of Implementing LS3 LS3 Activities Tools Lead Lead the process improvement projects by hearing the voice of customer (VOC) Identify the process improvement project Define the project performance indicators Select the project team members Accomplish the project charter and job assignments Market survey Project charter Annual police deployment Quality function deployment Value stream analysis Study Study and analyze the current status of targeted process to get the voice of process (VOP) Observe the actual process, and measure the baseline Analyze the collected data to understand the present situation Confirm the problem and critical-to-quality Process mapping Measurement system analysis Motion and time study Multi-vari analysis Cause and effect matrix Process capability analysis Time value analysis Smooth Propose the countermeasures, and transform them into the voice of server (VOS) to smooth the service process Draw up the improvement countermeasures Implement the countermeasures to accelerate the service delivery Confirm the results by performance indicators 5S Operation balancing Rapid operation switching Visual management Eliminate, combine, rearrangement, simplify Process reengineering Failure mode and effect analysis Sustain Sustain and control the project results, and spread out the organization to be the Voice of Business (VOB) Standardize the effective countermeasures to sustain the results Continuous control the improvement level Design the job value of employees in the service process Knowledge diffusion and application Control chart Check list Process standardization Error proofing Education and training Figure 2. Tools of Implementing LS3 4. CONCLUSION Due to the limitation of practical resources, the LS3 model demonstration by a real case could not be included in this research. Therefore, this research used the questionnaire survey to verify the theoretical logic and feasibility of LS3 structure. We interviewed several Lean Production and Six Sigma experts and consultants, and we expect to provide a base of verification by their experiences and knowledge. Finally, we conclude the agreements and suggestions of the experts as follows: All the experts and consultants agreed the theoretical structure of the proposed model by this research, and expressed the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“very much agreeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? level on the logic, implementing steps and their contents. All the experts and consultants expressed the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“very agreeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? level on the proposed model with PDCA management cycle. All the experts and consultants expressed at least the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“agreeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? level on the fitness for use of the proposed tools. Some experts considered that the names of some tools originally be applied in manufacturing industry should be changed to be well understood in service industry. In addition, all the experts and consultants considered that the tools mostly applied in manufacturing industry should also be applied to service industry. This is because there are huge demands and expectations of these tools in service industry based on their experiences and observations. Hence they deeply agreed the proposed model by this research contains the tools for reference. All the experts and consultants expressed the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“very agreeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? level on the proposed model really integrated the principles of Six Sigma and Lean Production System. Some experts suggested we could emphasize the principles of Lean Production System a little more. All the experts and consultants expressed the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“very agreeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? level on the feasibility of applying this model to the service industry. All the experts and consultants expressed the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“very agreeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? level on the practical value of this proposed model, and they also expressed that they will refer the structure to demonstrate it if there is any suitable opportunity in the near future. Therefore, we conclude the agreements and suggestions by the experts as follows: all the experts agreed the proposed model by this research on the whole structure, implementing steps and tools planned. They also expressed the practical value and operational feasibility of this model is very high. Moreover, all the experts agreed this model on the fitness for use in the service industry, and they will refer this model to demonstrate it when there is any opportunity in the near future.

Amy Tan’s A Mother’s Tongue Essay -- Amy Tan A Mother’s Tongue

Amy Tan’s A Mother’s Tongue The purpose of Amy Tan’s essay, â€Å"Mother Tongue,† is to show how challenging it can be if an individual is raised by a parent who speaks â€Å"limited English† (36) as Tan’s mother does, partially because it can result in people being judged poorly by others. As Tan’s primary care giver, her mother was a significant part of her childhood, and she has a strong influence over Tan’s writing style. Being raised by her mother taught her that one’s perception of the world is heavily based upon the language spoken at home. Alternately, people’s perceptions of one another are based largely on the language used. Tan was born to a pair of Chinese immigrants. Her mother understood English extremely well, but the English she spoke was â€Å"broken.†(36) Many people not familiar with her way of speaking found it very difficult to understand her. As a result of this, Tan would have to pretend to be her mother, and she called people up to yell at them while her mother stood behind her and prompted her. This caused Tan to be ashamed of her mother throughout her youth, but as she grew, she realized that the language she shares with her mother is a â€Å"language of intimacy† (36) that she even uses when speaking with her husband. Just as with her books, Tan’s focus in this essay is her mother. Tan considered her book, The Joy Luck Club, a success after her mother read it and exclaimed over how easy it was to read. However, the audience of this essay is not Tan’s mother, but rather it is anyone who can relate to this situation. Tan’s purpose was to bring to attention the fact that when the language spoken at home is different from that spoken by the general public, problems will arise for those caught in... ...ensitive to the situation. The doctors would have a totally different story. Tan succeeds in her use of pathos as she manages to make her mother seem helpless. This is quite a feat, as her obvious strengths have already been displayed in situations such as when yelling at the stockbroker. Tan supports her depiction of her mother as a victim by bringing up how people â€Å"did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her.† (37) Tan has proven herself a master of rhetorical appeals as well as proving her point, that language can have drastic affects on the users. She has judged and been judged by her language, and has seen her mother disrespected because of how she speaks. Speech is important, as it is used as a tool to determine the limitations of your thoughts.

The Riders Essay -- Literary Analysis, Tim Winton

An individual’s ‘Sense of Place’ is predominantly their place of belonging and acceptance in the world, may it be through a strong physical, emotional or spiritual connection. In Tim Winton’s novel ‘The Riders†, the concept of Sense of Place is explored through the desperate journey of its protagonist, Fred Scully. Scully’s elaborate search for identity throughout the novel is guided and influenced by the compulsive love he feels for his wife Jennifer and their family morals, the intensity of hope and the destruction it can cause and the nostalgic nature of Winton’s writing. Two quotes which reflect the ideals of a person’s Sense of Place are â€Å"Experience is not what happens to a man. It is what a man does with what happens to him.’(Aldous Huxley) and â€Å"It is not down in any map. True places never are.† (Herman Melville). Huxley and Melville’s statements closely resemble Fred Scully’s jou rney and rectify some of his motivations throughout the text. Scully’s ‘Sense of Place’ strongly revolves around the idea of a healthy marriage, a happy family, and ultimately, the presence of love. He believes that he and Jennifer have an honest relationship and that she is like his â€Å"sheet anchor...a steadying influence on him†, (p.20) but Winton contradicts this by frequently incorporating foreshadowing into Scully’s dreams to signify that Scully’s marriage is not what it seems. ‘In his dreams that night he ran, never stopping to see what was behind him, blindly going on into darkness’ (p.22). This quote highlights his trusting nature towards his relationship with Jennifer, and foreshadows the â€Å"blind† shock that he will suffer when he is betrayed. Scully does not only feel intense love for his wife, he is also devoted to his daughter Billie. He b... ...ecomes clear, that Scully’s home, his life and ultimately his Sense of Place is in Ireland with Billie by his side. It is with this newfound knowledge that Melville’s quote rings true: Scully’s true places; his daughter and his memories cannot be found on any map, only deep inside his heart. Fred Scully endured an emotionally destructive journey in order to discover his true identity and Sense of Place. In order to attain his identity Scully learnt how love could be both dangerous and wholesome, how much it hurts to have his hopes raised only to be shattered by the truth and experienced spiritual travels back to his secure past. Throughout Scully’s journey Winton reinforces the concept of Sense of place with the techniques of flashbacks and foreshadowing, which crucially contribute to Scully’s newfound Sense of Place: anywhere where Billie and him are together.

Espionage Act and the First Amendment Essay

The Espionage Act of 1917 is a US federal law which was passed after the First World War under the administration of President Woodrow Wilson. The law puts it a crime against the state to leak information to outsiders under the intention of creating hindrances to the operation of the US armed forces. This was passed for the fear that oppositions at the middle of the war shall constitute a direct peril to the security of American victory. This crime shall render a maximum of twenty years in prison plus the fine to those who will be suspected to attempt â€Å"insubordination, disloyalty, mutiny or refusal of duty in the military or naval forces of the United States. † (US Espionage Act) However, Espionage Act was extended later on by the Sedition Act of 1918. This law made it illegal to speak anything against the government (US Code Collection). Part of this law forbids individuals from â€Å"willfully communicating† to any person, who in return is also held prohibited to receive certain information that the government deems to post threat to the country’s national security (Vladeck 5). The US Espionage and Sedition Acts were utilized in some prosecutions although these were considered unconstitutional and violations of human rights. Albeit oppositions and cancellation of some parts of this law, until the present time, major portions of the Espionage Act is still part of the current United States law. On the other hand, the First Amendment to the United States Constitution forbids federal legislatures that shall hinder free exercise of religion, laws that shall violate freedom of speech, infringe freedom of the press, limit right to peaceful assembly and limit the rights of the people to address the government with regards to their grievances (Collins). First Amendment to the United States Constitution is a part of the United States Bill of Rights. In an instant look, the connection between the Espionage Act and the First Amendment, would seem to be the case that the first violates the latter. Espionage Act violates freedom of speech of the Americans that is well constituted in the First Amendment to the US Constitution. † Though in contrast to the supposed protective purpose of the First Amendment, its constitution was efficiently manipulated by the Supreme Court in such a way that restriction for freedom of speech is permitted extensively. The Supreme Court instead of being protective to the rights of speech freedom has rather made restrictions on it and suggested that any form of speech or writing that endangers the state shall be subjected to punishment. However, there are no limitations or standards that would uniformly base a judgment on whether a particular speech will instigate threats to the state. Thus, the privilege to consider something a threat is being left in the hands of lawmakers, making it more dangerous and hazardous to civilians that are vocal to their opinion and ideas. The continuity of the Espionage Act and Sedition Law was further translated through the Smith Act, which on the other end was still protected under the First Amendment. The Smith Act made any means or attempt of overthrowing the American government by force or violence punishable. Ideally, it sounded as a form of protectionism for the government. But in reality, this was mainly used as a weapon to contain Communism during this era. And despite its questionable standing regarding the constitutionality of the Act, the Supreme Court made it possible to put its â€Å"advocacy of action† under protection through the tenets of the First Amendment. Thus making it possible to censor any form of speech that shall incite the overthrow of government, and in turn punish anyone that shall render this act. Thus, the Espionage Act works relatively in relation with the First Amendment. Though, Espionage Act is suppressive in nature, such that it limits, if not prohibits freedom of speech; the First Amendment has always been a protective shield for the would-be-violations of the Espionage Act. The First Amendment plays as a legalizing and legitimizing mechanism for the policies that are under the Espionage Act. On the other hand, the First Amendment, though ideally must support and encourage the freedom rights of civilians, journalists and even activists, it doesn’t serve its purpose but rather serves as sugar-coat for the continuing suppression of freedom of speech for most of the people. Consequently, the First Amendment has not been of any help for the protection of journalists because it always reasons out on the basis of â€Å"national security measures† which are at most times vague definitions (Vladeck 16). Thus the First Amendment only regulates the inflow of information, and in the process renders journalists the incapacity to deliver â€Å"good-faith† investigations that are of great public concern for it may be taken as something that shall threaten national security and harm national interests. Therefore, there exists a direct relationship between the two. Though ideally, First Amendment must take a part that is contrasting to the Espionage Act such that it shall serve as checks and balance to minimize violations of freedom rights, contrastingly though, the First Amendment serves as protection for the legality of the Espionage Act.

How does Shakespeare create an effective opening to Hamlet? Essay

The key purpose with the opening of any piece of literature is to entice and enthral the reader and obviously Shakespeare having the fame and staggering success that he has had, must be well aware of this. If questions are left in the readers mind once reading the opening to this script or watching the play, they engage the audience as they want these questions answered and believe that as the play unfolds they will be. The attitudes and values of the characters that are introduced in the first act contribute greatly to the sense of suspense the audience feels. Shakespeare begins the play with the entry of two minor characters ‘two Sentinels’. By doing this the audience only get a second hand taste of what the key themes are going to be later on in the play. There is no omniscient feel to this first act, only an air of mystery. The very first line spoken by Barnardo, ‘Who’s there? ‘ even creates this sense of unknowing, and also implies that the Sentinels are on edge for some reason and perhaps even frightened. This question is then repeated by the second sentinel, Francisco, as Horatio and Marcellus answer. Again the ambiguity of the question, ‘has this thing appear’d again tonight? ‘ creates mystery and a feel of foreboding. A ghost then appears and it is absolutely clear that the sentinels are immensely frightened, ‘tremble and look pale’. The Ghost then disappears without speaking, despite Horatio’s efforts, ‘I charge thee speak’. This allows the audience to wonder what this Ghost has come to tell the Sentinels and as the characters discuss the Ghost, both the audience and characters are as bewildered at this entry of this supernatural being. When the ghost reappears it is hopeful that it will speak, however at the exact point it appears it is about to, Shakespeare again dangles the carrot under the audiences nose as a cock crows disrupting the Ghost and causing it to instantaneously disappear. The anonymity of the Ghost appearing in the first act instigates the audience to speculate over the significance of the Ghost and the anonymity of its appearance. Furthermore the appearance of the Ghost allows the audience to realise the importance of Horatio within the play, he is an educated ‘scholar’ who is clearly respected by the sentinels. However at this point it is unclear to the audience the reason for which he will play a key role in the play. Carrying on from this the setting in which this first scene is set also adds to the sense of unknowing and mystery. The scene is set outside the castle of Elsinore on a gun-platform; this suggests to the audience even at this early stage that war or battles will be present later on in the play as castles are built solely for the purposes of protect in conflict. It is also dark and night, this adds to the fear of the sentinels as they cannot see who it is that approaches them. This is clear with the opening line ‘Who’s there? ‘ spoken by Barnardo. Furthermore perhaps the dark night setting is intentional pathetic fallacy by Shakespeare, as the characters and even the audiences’ unknowing towards the Ghost is mirrored by the way in which the characters cannot see clearly and have to ask of who approaches them. This pathetic fallacy is carried on into the ending of the scene, as the cock crows and it becomes morning the sense of fear leaves the sentinels, this is shown with the semantic fields used in their speech, of ‘love’ and ‘life’. Although much is still unknown when this first scene ends many themes are vaguely introduced to the audience. Death is clearly evident with the spontaneous appearances and disappearances of the Ghost. There is a semantic field of death running throughout the dialogue, Shakespeare uses descriptive words like ‘look pale’, and also ‘dead hour’. This adds to the audiences feeling of unease as well as illustrating the characters. Also the old King Hamlet is said to be similar to the Ghost in appearance, this is a way of Shakespeare indirectly introducing the theme of the death of the King, and also as the death is obviously fresh in the mind of the sentinels and Horatio so it seems to be the case that this will be an avid theme within the play. Barnardo states when the Ghost first appears that it is ‘In the same figure as like the King that is dead’. Another key theme that is introduced is war, this is introduced through the setting itself as I have already mentioned, but also through the discussion of the guards and Horatio proceeding the departure of the Ghost. The Ghost was wearing the ‘armour he (the dead King) had on when he th’ ambitious Norway combated’. Suggesting perhaps there is still conflict going on, but Shakespeare is clever as he never explicitly lets the audience know what is going on in this first scene, grabbing their attention and interesting them further in what is commencing in the play. This first scene finishes with Horatio and the guards going to impart their news of the Ghost onto ‘young Hamlet’. This shows a great respect for Hamlet, it also implies that Hamlet is the King as the audience have previously been told that ‘Old King Hamlet’ has died. This is rather ironic as later the audience come to find out that in fact it is young Hamlet’s uncle that is now become King through an unconventional marriage. So putting this into perspective this could imply that some subjects, such as Horatio slightly resent the marriage of the Queen to Hamlets uncle. I conclude that this is an extremely effective opening written by Shakespeare as it constantly engages the audience, and makes the audience feel a need to know more of what the play is about. Intro 1para (this one) on characters DONE 1 para on setting DONE 1 para on themes introduced†¦ war, death, and mentions old king hamlet-suggesting he has only died recently as still fresh in minds. 1 para on lang n dramatic techniques Conc.

Pretty Flacko Nigga

The poem â€Å"Hard Rock† by Tethering Knight is a poem that takes place in a prison (or possibly somewhere else like a sporting event, a dining room, etc. But a prison fits the context better). The poem is about a black prisoner that comes back after being in the Hospital for the Criminally Insane. The Inmates are reminiscing on all the crazy stuff Hard Rock used to do that they had always wished they could do. During Hard Rock's time at the Hospital he had a brain surgery In which they â€Å"cut out part of his brain and shot electricity through the rest.The speaker of the poem Is recalling all the stones of crazy things Hard Rock used to do before he left and telling the listener how much of a bad ass Hard Rock was. The speaker of the poem Is an Inmate at the prison; maybe Hard Rock's cell mate, friend, or Just someone that knew about him. Who the speaker Is talking to Is unclear though. It Is most likely another Inmate, assuming that the setting is In a prison, however It Is not clear within the poem exactly who the auditor is. The situation of the poem and the whole reason why the speaker is even recalling all of these memories is because it's been said that HardRock is soft now. The â€Å"word† has it that Hard Rock is a shell of what he used to be and will just stand there with a stupid smile on his face when tested. The old Hard Rock didn't â€Å"take no sit from nobody' but now the word going around is that the new Hard Rock has been tamed. The tone of this poem begins as inspired and almost proud, like a little brother talking about his cool older brother. The speaker seems to have a lot of respect for Hard Rock. Hard Rock is a hero to the speaker because Hard Rock will act out situations that the speaker could only ever dream of doing; he was their â€Å"destroyer.The tone quickly changes in line 27 to sad, almost nostalgic sounding. The inmates are reliving all of the crazy stuff he did before his surgery. The fact that he has been tamed now leaves the inmates â€Å"crushed† and hopeless. They no longer have someone that will carry out the fantasies they dream of doing, whether it be sticking up for the blacks when the Jail block bully comes around or even beating up a guard. They want to convince themselves that it is all an act, Hard Rock Is a little bit smarter now and is waiting for his opportunities, but they know in their hearts that Hard Rock is no longer the same guy he used to be.The theme of this poem Is about race and what problems black people faced In those times. The poem was published in 1968- the same year that Martin Luther King Jar. Was assassinated. The poem Hard Rock could be a metaphor for timeline of events that happened In the ‘offs. Martin Luther King (Hard Rock) was one of, If not the most, prominent face of the civil rights movement. MILK wouldn't settle for anything less than what he wanted to see happen and nobody could stand In his way. If someone tried to stop him he would Just keep trucking and fighting for his goal. In the poem,Hard Rock would pummel any and every body In his way, regardless of who they were, similar to how MILK would â€Å"take out† whoever stood in his way. The surgery Hard Rock goes under could be a metaphor for the assassination of MILK. Hard Rock is no longer what he used to be, he can no longer kick ass and take names because he is physically unable to (MILK is physically unable to keep fighting because he is hopeless. They always dreamed of doing the things Hard Rock did but they feel incapable (the black population is shocked and devastated by Milk's death and feel hopeless and as if they can never achieve what he did).The fears of years, like a biting whip, Had cut grooves too deeply across our backs. † The years and years of slavery, torture and demutualization of black people is too ingrained into the current (sass's) black population's minds and they feel as if they are not brave enough, smart enough, or important enough to take a stand and make the kind of changes that MILK had once done. The poem is written in mostly iambic pentameter. Lambs are how people speak in everyday life so with it being written in iambs it makes the poem seem â€Å"regular† and not â€Å"poetic. The poem sounds like a conversation you would hear f you were to listen in on prisoners talking. The dialect of the poem also gives it more of a natural feel. The reader feels as if they're reading an excerpt from a prison conversation rather than reading a poem. No rhyme scheme is detected in the poem- except for 4 lines. The author adds two couplets in the beginning and the middle of the poem. He does this to reinforce the point what he is trying to get across within these lines. The break in the normal flow and rhythm of the poem with these couplets grabs the attention of the reader and makes them focus on what the lines have to say.

The Creation Of Walkable Communities Health And Social Care Essay

Methods – With control over neighbourhood location and want through sample pick, the analysis maps primary informations through observation, and secondary informations of official statistics from the Office of National Statistics, to compare the denseness, design and diverseness of two vicinities in Leeds, England. Consequences – Consistent differences in degrees of walkability were found between the vicinities, the most positive and walkable environment holding the lowest resident fleshiness rates. Conclusion – The consequences of analysis promote the demand of making walkable communities to better wellness and encourage sustainability within local vicinities. Further research at a more personal degree with the occupants is required to place the most effectual path of making a walkable environment, whether it is through service denseness, diverseness or prosaic friendly design.IntroductionThe Foresight Report compiled by the Government Office for Science states the four chief causes for fleshiness as being Biology, Impact of early life and growing forms, Behaviour, and the Living Environment, with the life environment besides playing an influence under the rubric of behavior ( 2007, pp.43-54 ) . With research demoing that ‘by 2050, 60 % of males and 50 % of females could be corpulent ‘ ( Foresight, 2007 ) , there is an immediate demand for alterations in the environment to ‘promote self-generated instead than sports-related or calculated physical activi ty ‘ ( Townshend et al, 2010 ) . Numerous surveies have been carried out researching the relationship between fleshiness, BMI, Physical activity and the built environment, utilizing assorted types of informations and methods of analysis. A big per centum of surveies found positive correlativity between walkable communities and lower degrees of fleshiness and/or rates of BMI ( Saelens et al, 2003 ; Van Dyck et Al, 2009b ; Frank et Al, 2006 ; Frank et Al, 2005 ; Frank et Al, 2007 ; Brian et Al, 2003 ; Heinrich et Al, 2008 ) . A smaller per centum found no direct positive correlativity between walkability and degrees of fleshiness or BMI ( Van Dyck et Al, 2009a ; Giles-Cortia and Donovan, 2002 ) but found positive relationships such as between high degrees of auto usage and the likeliness of fleshiness, ( Frank et al, 2004 ) , and the correlativity between an environments aesthetics and physical activity ( Humpel et al, 2004 ) .MethodsDesignFig. 1Previous research has used varied attacks to specifying and mensurating a neighbourhoods walkability, looking at perceived envrionmental properties ( Humpel et al, .2004 ) , entree to services ( Elkin et al, 1991 cited in Jenks et al,1996, pp.182 ) , safety ( Gomez et al, 2004 ) and entree to green countries ( Nielsen and Bruun, 2007 ) amongst others. This survey will utilize the 3 D ‘s, an analysis of population denseness, prosaic friendly design, and diverseness, as seen in plants by Cervero and Kockelman ( 1997 ) , Cathleen et Al ( 2009 ) and Frank et Al ( 2005 ) . Townshend et Al ( 2010, pp.22 ) besides supports this attack by specifying walkability as ‘the extent to which walking is supported in an country through†¦ well-connected street webs with a assortment of land utilizations and higher densenesss ‘ From the Office of National Statistics I have chosen two Middle Layer Super Output Areas, Leeds 082 and Leeds 053. These datasets cover the Outer City Centre vicinities of Holbeck and Harehills severally. The old ages in which the information was collected scope from 2005 – 2010, with the travel type and distances to work datasets being the exclusion, taken from 2001.SamplePrevious research and statistics highlighted degrees of want ( Heinrich et al, 2008 ; Morland et Al, 2001 ) , distance to the closest metropolis Centre, ethnicity ( Zhang and Wang, 2004 ) , and population turnover as cardinal influences on walkability, all of which are controlled through vicinity pick. Both countries are ranked in the lowest 10 % in the state by the index of multiple want. Fig.1 shows that both countries are within the 5km distance to Leeds City Centre deemed by Barton ( 1995 pp.116 ) as indispensable to promote cycling and usage of public conveyance whilst sing the metropolis. Based on the UK Census 2001, both countries have a varied mix of occupant ethnicities, shown in Table.1. Statisticss from 2001 to 2008 set up that Holbeck and Harehills have average population turnovers per 1000 occupants of -25 and -43 s everally, both demoing a chiefly negative rate over the 7 twelvemonth period. The Office of National Statistics found, in 2003 – 2005, Holbeck ‘s Model Based Estimate for Obesity was 23.9 % , and Harehill ‘s was 19.9 % . With a reasonably important difference in rates of fleshiness, the survey, with the above mentioned controls, gives the analysis and consequences, associating to denseness, diverseness and design, a stronger relationship and influence over the rates of fleshiness.*Data from Office for National Statistics, 2001MeasuresPopulation DensityResidential denseness has been found to hold a strong nexus with the denseness of services available, with higher residential denseness ensuing in higher densenesss of services and comfortss which in bend creates a more walkable environment ( Frank ( 2003, pp.101, cited in Townshend et Al, 2010, pp.22 ; Ewing et Al, 2003 ; Rundle, 2007 ; Pendola and Gen, 2007 ) . Population denseness has been calculated utilizing the resident population in 2009 per hectare of the defined MLSOA boundary. Barton ( 1995 ) supports this step as it has been found ‘people per hectare is the cardinal step of denseness when sing the viability of public conveyance and local services ‘ . Density of services will be analysed utilizing function and observation techniques to analyze spread and entree in concurrence to the countries of residential belongingss.Pedestrian Friendly DesignQuality of waies, connectivity and the presence of prosaic crossings has had mixed consequences when compared to general walkability of an country and its relationship with fleshiness and BMI, both negative ( Rundle, 2007 ) and positive ( saelens et Al, 2003, pp.80-91 cited in Booth et Al, 2005 ; Heinrick, 2008 ) . This survey uses observation and function to turn up characteristics and comparison with location o f installations, services and lodging within the MLSOA boundary.DiversenessThis survey maps the scope of installations available in each defined vicinity in relationship to countries of abode. Diverseness of installations has been shown to hold a strong relationship with engagement in non motorised travel ( Brown et al, 2009 ; Frank et Al, 2004 ; Barton, 1995 ; Rundle, 2007 ) . Research besides been undertaken to analyze rates of fleshiness and/or BMI with relationship to the type of nutrient services that are available ( Zick et al,2009 ) , and manner of travel to work ( Pendola and Gen,2007 ; Cerin et Al, 2007 ) , which this survey will besides analyze.AnalysisDensityPhoto. 1, Own Image, High denseness lodging, HolbeckStatistics show that the Holbeck MLSOA has a resident denseness of 34 individuals per hectare, and Harehills as holding a much higher denseness of 147 individuals per hectare. Due to the larger boundary set by the Holbeck MLSOA, it includes a big country of industry to the North, which has influenced the significantly lower rate than Harehills. Upon looking into the informations provided for the Lower Layer Super Output Area of Leeds 082C, within the Leeds 082 MLSOA, the occupant denseness is 127 people per hectare, of big unsimilarity to the earlier found denseness rate. This is due to the LLSOA boundary incorporating merely the South country of Holbeck, where the services and lodging can chiefly be found. Barton ( 1995 ) gives a usher of 100 people per hectare as a upper limit for vicinities, saying that 100pph will ‘permit a broad assortment of brooding and garden size ‘ every bit good as being a cardinal denseness when ‘considering the viability of public conveyance and of local services ‘ . Any higher than this and it can be assumed that unfastened infinite in the country will be jeopardised which in its ego has been found to be damaging to wellness ( Nielsen,2007 ) . Evidence shows the residential countries of Holb eck and Harehills are over populated, and to make a walkable environment for this degree of denseness at that place needs to be a big mix and Google – Map informations, 2010, Tele Atlas North America, Inc [ online ] Available at & A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.google.co.uk & A ; gt ; [ Accessed 22 December 2010 ] denseness of services on offer to prolong the local community.Fig. 2Google – Map informations, 2010, Tele Atlas North America, Inc [ online ] Available at & A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.google.co.uk & A ; gt ; [ Accessed 22 December 2010 ]Fig. 3Google – Map informations, 2010, Tele Atlas North America, Inc [ online ] Available at & A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.google.co.uk & A ; gt ; [ Accessed 22 December 2010 ]Fig. 4 Fig. 5ig.2 and Fig.3 show the defined MLSOA ‘s of Holbeck and Harehills severally. Highlighted with the ruddy circles are the centre points of the chief lodging groups, the outer ruddy circle rim represents a radius, from the Centre points, of 400 meters, the journey distance at which Barton ( 1995 ) states it is more like occupants will walk or rhythm instead than utilize a auto. Both vicinities clearly show installations are available within this 400m radius, Holbeck ‘s services at a visibly more sporadic and lower denseness than Harehills. The clear additive bunch of services in Harehills is associated with a more encouraging High Street manner walkable environment, offering easiness of entree and the ‘opportunity for multipurpose trips ‘ ( Cervero, 1990 cited in Barton, 1995 ) . Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 – Google – Map informations, 2010, Tele Atlas North America, Inc [ online ] Available at & A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.google.co.uk & A ; gt ; [ Accessed 22 December 2010 ] The Department for Communities and Local Government ( 2001 ) provinces in the Planning Policy Guidance 13: Conveyance, that for sustainable conveyance design it is of import to ‘concentrate higher denseness residential developments near public conveyance Centres, or alongside corridors good served by public conveyance ( or with the possible to be served ) and close to local installations ‘ . Fig.5 shows a clear presentation of defined bunchs of assorted services along the additive coach paths. Fig.4 shows how, although Holbecks chief bunchs are non every bit lineated as Harehills, the bulk do fall beside the coach paths and chief prosaic paths. Google – Map informations, 2010, Tele Atlas North America, Inc [ online ] Available at & A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.google.co.uk & A ; gt ; [ Accessed 22 December 2010 ] Fig. 6 Google – Map informations, 2010, Tele Atlas North America, Inc [ online ] Available at & A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.google.co.uk & A ; gt ; [ Accessed 22 December 2010 ] Fig. 7Pedestrian friendly designPhoto. 2, Own Image, Pedestrian traversing on chief street, HarehillsFig. 6 and Fig. 7 show the function of prosaic friendly design characteristics within the MLSOA ‘s of Holbeck and Harehills severally. Holbeck has a sum of 44 prosaic friendly characteristics, with a higher assortment than Harehills but a surprisingly low sum due to the larger country mapped. Harehills has a sum of 55. Harehills higher denseness and the location of characteristics provide a safer and more significant path through the country, the bulk in the countries of high activity. Holbeck has limited crossings in the countries with higher activity, particularly around the cardinal bunch where the chief route has high volumes of traffic. The lone pronounced rhythm paths from both vicinities were found in Holbeck, supplying entree to the chief shopping bunch in the South. The chief lodging countries within Holbeck is situated good within the cyclist penchant of 5km distance t o the metropolis Centre ( Barton, 1995 ) , as mentioned earlier, nevertheless merely one little rhythm path was found in the North and so small has been done to take advantage of this premier location, likewise with the deficiency of prosaic crossings and safety characteristics along the path.Fig.11Fig.8DiversenessFig.8 to Fig.13, and Fig.14 to Fig. 19 map the concerns and services in the country of Holbeck and Harehills severally. Businesss have been grouped into six classs, each analysed below. On survey of the public services maps ( Fig 8 and Fig.14 ) Harehills has a higher sum of public services and a bigger conurbation making within the chief lodging countries, with Holbeck ‘s public services chiefly in the chief bunch countries. The drama and diversion map ( Fig.9 ) identifies that Holbeck provides countries of diversion for each chief lodging group. Harehill ‘s ( Fig.15 ) merely has one country of diversion within the boundary, which may be detering for many occupants to walk at that place. Fig 10 and Fig.16 highlight specialist stores and vesture stores. Harehills has a broad scope of specializer stores and vesture stores, cut downing the necessity to go elsewhere for most twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours points. Holbeck had important deficiency of specializer stores in figure and assortment. This deficiency in diverseness would promote public and private motorised travel to the nearest shopping countries, with the southernmost residential country holding a wider assortment of stores but is out of the 400m radius of the two other residential countries. Photo. 3, Own Image, hapless rhythm path, HolbeckFig.11 shows there are a important scope of industries and offices throughout Holbeck, with a big sum in close propinquity to the chief residential countries, offering employment chances within walking or cycling distance. Statisticss from the Office of National Statistics shows that in 2001, of 2308 occupants in employment in Holbeck, 458, 19.85 % walked to work, and 45, 1.9 % cycled. Statisticss besides showed that 1624 occupants worked less than 5km ‘s from place. If we take 5km ‘s as the maximal distance people are willing to rhythm ( Barton, 1995, pp.116 ) , we can presume that 45 people out of 1624, 2.8 % , of those within a comfy cycling distance really rhythm to work. This per centum is low, nevertheless there are many factors which could act upon this. Barton ( 2000, pp. 223 ) stated that there are two factors that can deter people from cycling, ‘safety and security ‘ . Pedestrian friendly design plays a big factor, with the found deficiency of cycling paths doing the journey insecure, nevertheless the sample country is likely non to cover everyone ‘s way to work and so may non be a clear representation of this. Multiple want can besides be a big factor, and with Holbeck and Harehills being in the lowest 10 % it is likely that the monetary value of buying a motorcycle and the feeling of the demand to protect against larceny of the motorcycle in the country will besides play a big influence on the statistics. Harehills statistics from 2001 show similar rates of walking and cycling to work, out of 2169 people in employment, 404, 18.6 % walked to work and 31, 1.4 % cycled. Fig.17 shows a significantly smaller sum of industry in Harehills in comparing to Holbeck, this will significantly cut down employment rates in the locality. Interestingly, 1471 work less than 5km ‘s from place, similar findings to those in Holbeck, with the premise of about 2.1 % of those working within 5km ‘s of place cycling to work. It ‘s clear that the hapless quality and sum of rhythm paths and degrees of want have a big consequence over these findings. Photo. 4, Own Image, Example of closed concern, HolbeckFig.12 and Fig.18 show the vacant concerns in the countries. Both vicinities show a tendency of the vacant concerns bing in the chief residential countries, which is common with the current be aftering tendency of centralizing services and installations by replacing little stores, amongst other installations, with fewer larger services and installations in a more centralized place ( Barton, 2000 ) . Fig.13 and Fig.19 map the local nutrient environment. For the intent of the survey, food market stores were defined by their proviso of a broad scope of healthy fresh green goods, so little convenience shops were non included. A big scope of surveies have been carried out in this country, with a little bulk of findings reasoning that the closer occupants are in propinquity to a store selling healthier green goods, the healthier their dietetic consumption or the lower their weight ( Powell et al, 2007 ; Morland et al,2002 ; Morland et Al, 2006, all cited in Lovasia et Al, 2009, pp. 9 ) . A figure of surveies besides linked deprived countries and their likeliness of holding more fast nutrient mercantile establishments, with equal positive ( Cummins et Al, 2005 ) and negative ( Macintyre, 2005 ) findings. Holbeck has a similar sum of fast nutrient mercantile establishments as Harehills, but a significantly lower sum of mercantile establishments supplying healthier fresh green goods. Har ehills has more mercantile establishments selling healthier green goods than fast nutrient, with an even spread throughout the country. It may be assumed that occupants of Harehills eat healthier due to higher entree to healthier nutrients, nevertheless there is still a high rate of fast nutrient mercantile establishments to act upon their pick. With merely a little bulk of surveies associating a healthier nutrient environment to healthier diets and lower weights, it would be difficult to presume it has a big influence over fleshiness rates without farther survey in this country. Decision The analysis of the 3 D ‘s and their consequence upon walkability found more positives with respects to making a walkable environment in the MLSOA of Harehills than that of Holbeck. As discussed earlier in the survey, the built environment and its control of physical activity has a big influence on a individuals likeliness of being corpulent ( Foresight, 2007 ) . This fact combined with the nature of the survey being at vicinity degree, it can be assumed that the analysis demoing that Harehill ‘s is a by and large more walkable community is a factor that effects the 4 % lower rate of fleshiness. Previous surveies of the 3 D ‘s found varied consequences as to which factor was the most influential on rates of fleshiness, BMI and/or physical activity. To reason which is the most influential factor within Harehill ‘s and Holbeck would necessitate farther survey. Participant studies to derive more personal information about the occupants and their activity would be good in reasoning this. The decrease of the usage of private motorised conveyance through making walkable communities necessarily consequences in a decrease of the pollution that these vehicles produce. The constructs behind the creative activity of a walkable country are outstanding in the construct of making a Compact City, a sustainable metropolis design. As outlined by Jenks ( 1996 ) , the two dominant motivations for making a Compact City are ‘global warming†¦ ..and the loss of unfastened countryside to urban usage ‘ . It shows how higher denseness life will cut down the demand for travel which is ‘the fastest turning and least controlled subscriber to planetary heating ‘ . With sustainability at the head of most contrivers, developers and designers work, the building of walkable communities are fast going integrated into the building of new sustainable developments and sustainable regenerations of bing vicinities, whether intended or non. Limits The analysis standard and attack could be applied to other countries, but with certain bounds as set out in this survey. First, consequences may change with respects to try size. The 3 D ‘s signifier of analysis was chosen due to its old usage in similar sized countries. Its analysis and consequences are most conclusive when used at this sample size, therefore a more appropriate signifier of analysis would necessitate to be considered for larger or smaller countries. The control of propinquity to a major metropolis or town Centres and degrees of want were of import as mentioned throughout the survey. Due to the impact fluctuations in this country can hold a upon walkability in a vicinity, the same restraints are encouraged in any farther research documents with the attack taken in this survey.

An Analysis of Why Settlers Had Conflicting Approach in Regards To British Rules

An Analysis of Why Settlers Had Conflicting Approach in Regards To British Rules Why Did Some Colonists Want to Break Away More Than Others? Although it was the consensus that most colonists opposed being British subjects, some opposed it more than others. Sailors and those in commerce as well as the common family farmer both were some of the most provoked. The colonists were not used to the British imposing their rule as much as it was after the Seven Years War. Wars cost money, this is a fact. The British needed some income in order to pay for it. Being British subjects and being seen as a â€Å"cash cow† the British demanded that the colonists pay their fair share of the war. â€Å"To finance the wars, Britain’s public expenditures, taxes, and national debt rose enormously.† Taxes were imposed on the colonists and became lovingly known as the â€Å"Intolerable Acts†. Some acts passed really weren’t that bad. For example, the Stamp Act, weren’t necessarily bad. It only raised the price of paper nominally, but the British controlled the supply of paper. The British knew who was buying paper and why. The colonists didn’t like this invasion of privacy in the slightest. Some acts, like the Boston Port Act, were much more serious. The closure of the harbor put a major dent in colonial commer ce. This angered sailors. These Intolerable Acts caused uprise in the colonies. Sailors and slaves were so angered a â€Å"motley crew† formed. As Rediker and Linebaugh describe it, they were â€Å"eighty strong and warm with drink and anger† . This group came to protest at the house of Henry Laurens. Laurens was a wealthy Charleston merchant that also happened to be storing the paper that the colonists would be forced to buy from the English. The way of life of sailors and other merchants were threatened and they didn’t take kindly to it. Simple family farmers also heavily opposed these new taxes and the way the colonies were headed as a whole. Obtaining land was becoming harder and British taxes made farm life difficult. Subsistence farming revolved around the idea of self support. These people had no need for money, so they didn’t have much. They produced for themselves and bartered for what they didn’t have. Taxes which were to be paid in real money was difficult. This annoyance angered the farmers. The farmers were particularly aggravated. They left England in order to farm free from government interference and that is exactly what was beginning to happen. Though, there was a group known as Loyalists that did not want to break free from England. For reasons that will be explained shortly this group wanted to remain loyal to the British crown. For reasons ranging from business to politics this group did not want to break away from England. Some held business interests in England and feared breaking off would permanently break them off from one of the biggest markets in the world. Some were employed by England for regulatory reasons. Some were simply too afraid of the uncertainty that came with going up against one of the biggest empires in the world. Elites enjoyed their role in British society and feared in a new society that wouldn’t be so lucky. The common colonists saw a further and further divide between themselves and the British. The British soldiers were crude and uneducated. The colonists at this point were several generations from being British born. This generation was raised in the colonies by colonists. They identified more with other colonists than with the British ruling them. They were reminded of the rigid British class system observing officers and common soldiers interact. They had left England in an attempt to avoid this. This growing feeling of separation as well as the British overstepping their bounds allowed anger and resentment to simmer to the point of revolution. The colonists were about to take on the most powerful empire in the world.

Art Criticism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Art Criticism - Essay Example The recent cleaning of this painting is what ignited the interest of those who made the Constable exhibition possible. (3) The White Horse is an oil painting of a landscape of a cottage and its grounds, with a white horse as its focal point. The horse is harnessed and standing in the corner of a fence which is a prison him. Wanting to be free, in its stillness, the horse illustrates a contrast against the movement shown by the rest of the painting. Pulling the viewer into the scene are the paintings rounded forms, especially, in its trees and foliage. The energy depicted in the painting makes it not only have a harmonious feel but excitement as well. "Toward the end of his life, in the 1830s, Constable's art became more emotionally charged. He increasingly regarded the sky as 'the chief organ of sentiment' in landscape painting, and very likely looked to his cloud studies more for their expressiveness, than for their empirical or scientific content."(4) Constable often used paper rather than canvas to paint upon because it dried faster and allowed him to more freely express his emotions. It is the energy of his paintings that pulls me into them, while drawing forth the excitement of my emotions. Van Gogh's painting, The Olive Orchard, a 28 by 36 oil painting, is much smaller in size than the size of Constable's paintings. However, the sky in The Olive Garden has the same energy as that depicted in the skies paintings by Constable. Constable, like Van Gogh, was a lover of pastoral settings, and there is something about the combination of their subjects; animals and nature, that presents the romantic sides of their natures. It is through the pastoral theme in their paintings that I'm drawn away from the excitement of them, to a calmer side of myself. Prior to being exhibited in the Royal Academy of Art, The White Horse was part of the estate of Peter A.B. Widener. Later, it became a part of the Widener Collection on loan to the academy. (5) Other works in the Constable exhibition include The Hay Wain (1820-1821), View on the Stour near Dedham (1822), The Leaping Horse (1825), and Hadleigh Castle (1829). There are six paintings by Van Gogh in the gallery's permanent collection. Among them is The Olive Orchard, which is a 28 by 36 oil painting. Its size is much smaller than that of Constable's paintings. Yet, in many ways, their paintings are alike. The subjects in The Olive Orchard, two young women on a ladder, picking olives from an olive tree, like the subjects in Constable's pastoral scenes are similar. They act as contrasts against the energy of the skies both painters depict in their works. The Olive Orchard painting was completed in 1889, and is now a part of the gallery's permanent collection. The gallery also has in its permanent collec